Flat to Volume

Low relief-Sculptural relief that projects very little from the background. Also called bas-relief, basso-relievo.

Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their Children

Confederate Memorial Carving

William Gordon Huff

Scott Sustek "Brooke"

Raymond Kaskey "WWII Memorial"

High Relief-Sculptural relief in which the modeled forms project from the background by at least half their depth. Also called alto-relievo

High Relief Sculpture of General Zhong

Bill Mack "Desiree"

Bill Mack "Concentration"

Chidi Okoye "Conversation"

Chidi Okoye "Amina"

Primary Contours-lines which define the outermost edge of a piece.

"Spring of Hope"

Benedict Radcliffe

Alexander Calder "Order in Caos"

Dennis Openheim

Christo and Jeanne Claude "Surrounded Islands"

Secondary Contours-Forms developed within the outer boundary of a work.

Sequential Wire Action

Elements of 3D Design Practice Exploration 1

Proportion

Contrast

Scale

Asymmetrical Balance

Symmetrical Balance

Radial Balance

Final Class Piece

repetition

rhythm

Emphasis

Variety

Elements of 3D Design

Symmetrical Balance: Object having sides that are equal in mass and symmetrically placed.

Claes Oldenburg Binoculars

Brancusi The Kiss

Magdelena Abakanowitz Figure on a Trunk

Michelangelo Pistoletto Quadro de Pranzo

Felix Gonzolez-Torres Perfect Lovers

Asymmetrical Balance:Off centered design that uses negative space or other shapes to achieve balance.

Claes Oldenburg Flying Pins

Jeff Koons Flower Balloon

J.Seward Johnson Jr. The Awakening

R.R. Wilson Broken Symmetry

Brancusi Sleeping Muse

Radial Symmetry:Symmetry occuring over a central axis.

Brancusi The Table of Silence

Claes Oldenburg Apple Core

Claes Oldenburg Profiterole

Richard Serra Open Ended

Eva Heese Accession II

Scale:Overall size of a particular object.

Claes Oldenburg Spoonbridge and Cherry

Vito Acconci Adjustable Wall Bra

Jean Baptiste Carpeaux La Danse

Bernar Venet Indeterminate Line

Tony Cragg Can-Can

Proportion: The relative size of a part of an object to the other parts.

Hwan Kwon Yi 

Hwan Kwon Yi

Hwan Kwon Yi

Michelangelo David

Venus of Willendorf

Emphasis: The use of design techniques to bring the viewers eye to a certain element of the sculpture.

George Bredehoft

Camille Young Mother 3 series

James Jumper Redemption

Domino Plaza Alexander Milne Calder

Michelangelo David

Contrast: using different elements to balance a piece of art.

Bruce Gray Flight of the Bumble Bee

Victor Bonato Frozen Wave

David Barr Equation 1

David Barr Sonata

Lee Gass Night Bird

Variety: using lots of different shapes and colors to create balance in numbers.

Leonardo Drew Number 177T

Leonardo Drew Number 33A

Loiuse Nevelson Sky Cathedral

Loiuse Nevelson Cascade VIII

Loiuse Nevelson Mirror Shadow

Repetition: use of similar parts. 

Bean Finneran Red Core

Eva Heese Schema

Jackie Winsor

Donald Judd Real Objects existing in Real Space

Donald Judd Multi Color

Rhythm: the succession of weak and strong movement

Rowan Marsh DNA Ball Sculpture

Eddie White

Umberto Boccioni Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

Eusebio Sempere

Carrie Fonder Renewal